{ "name": "US residential electricity prices by state, 1990 onward", "description": "Average annual residential electricity price for every state and DC since 1990, in nominal cents per kWh and in inflation-adjusted dollars of the latest year.", "source": "US Energy Information Administration (Form EIA-861), deflated with US Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U", "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/state/", "period": "1990–2024 annual", "updated": "2026-08-17", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "citation": "WattSimple, “US residential electricity prices by state, 1990 onward” (1990–2024 annual). Source: US Energy Information Administration (Form EIA-861), deflated with US Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U. https://wattsimple.com/data/electricity-price-history", "fields": [ { "name": "abbr", "description": "USPS two-letter code, or US for the national average" }, { "name": "year", "description": "Calendar year the price covers" }, { "name": "nominal_cents_per_kwh", "description": "Average residential price that year, cents per kWh, as published by EIA" }, { "name": "real_cents_per_kwh", "description": "Same price restated in 2024 dollars using the BLS CPI-U annual average" } ], "rowCount": 1820, "rows": [ { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1990, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.11, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.26 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1991, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.67, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.57 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1992, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.82, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.19 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1993, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.15, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.21 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1994, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.32, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.96 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1995, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.24, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.14 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1996, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.36, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.71 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1997, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.44, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.36 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1998, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.5, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.13 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 1999, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.16, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.01 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2000, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.45, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.86 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2001, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.12, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.47 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2002, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.05, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.01 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2003, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.98, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.42 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2004, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.44, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.66 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2005, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 13.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.36 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2006, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 14.83, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.08 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2007, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 15.18, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.97 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2008, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 16.56, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.13 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2009, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 17.14, "real_cents_per_kwh": 25.06 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2010, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 16.26, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.39 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2011, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 17.62, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.57 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2012, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 17.88, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.43 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2013, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 18.12, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.4 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2014, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 19.14, "real_cents_per_kwh": 25.36 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2015, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 19.83, "real_cents_per_kwh": 26.24 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2016, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 20.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 26.53 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2017, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 21.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 27.22 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2018, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 21.94, "real_cents_per_kwh": 27.41 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2019, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 22.92, "real_cents_per_kwh": 28.12 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2020, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 22.57, "real_cents_per_kwh": 27.36 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2021, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 22.55, "real_cents_per_kwh": 26.11 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2022, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 23.1, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.76 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2023, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 23.9, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.6 }, { "abbr": "AK", "year": 2024, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 24.82, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.82 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1990, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.59, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.82 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1991, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.69, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.41 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1992, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.69, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.96 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1993, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.82, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.81 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1994, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.69, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.16 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1995, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.71, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.81 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1996, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.63, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.26 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1997, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.74, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.17 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1998, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 6.94, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.36 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 1999, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.03, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.24 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2000, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.05, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.84 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2001, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.01, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.42 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2002, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.12, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.42 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2003, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.39, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.6 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2004, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.62, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.65 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2005, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.85 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2006, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.75, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.61 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2007, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.32, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.1 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2008, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.4, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.15 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2009, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.66, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.59 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2010, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.67, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.35 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2011, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.09, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.47 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2012, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.4, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.58 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2013, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.26, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.16 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2014, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.48, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.21 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2015, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.7, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.48 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2016, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.99, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.67 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2017, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.55, "real_cents_per_kwh": 16.06 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2018, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.18, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.22 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2019, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.53, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.37 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2020, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.58, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.25 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2021, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.96, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2022, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 14.25, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.27 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2023, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 14.63, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.06 }, { "abbr": "AL", "year": 2024, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 15.18, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.18 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1990, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.07, "real_cents_per_kwh": 19.37 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1991, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.1, "real_cents_per_kwh": 18.66 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1992, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.28, "real_cents_per_kwh": 18.51 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1993, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 17.95 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1994, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.07, "real_cents_per_kwh": 17.08 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1995, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.98, "real_cents_per_kwh": 16.43 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1996, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.77, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.53 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1997, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.8, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.24 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1998, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.51, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.45 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 1999, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.43, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.99 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2000, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.45, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.57 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2001, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.72, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.67 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2002, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.25, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.64 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2003, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.24, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.34 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2004, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 7.36, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.22 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2005, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.85 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2006, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.85, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.77 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2007, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.73, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.21 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2008, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.51 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2009, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.14, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.36 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2010, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.86, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.75 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2011, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.02, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.58 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2012, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.71 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2013, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.59, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.91 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2014, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.51, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.6 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2015, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.82, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2016, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.92, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.97 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2017, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.28, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.16 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2018, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.81, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.25 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2019, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.8, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.02 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2020, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.41, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.62 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2021, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.05 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2022, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.05, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.92 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2023, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.25, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.61 }, { "abbr": "AR", "year": 2024, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.32, "real_cents_per_kwh": 12.32 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1990, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.04, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.7 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1991, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.14, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.05 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1992, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.58, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.42 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1993, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.65, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.95 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1994, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 19.68 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1995, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.09, "real_cents_per_kwh": 18.71 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1996, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.95, "real_cents_per_kwh": 17.89 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1997, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.82, "real_cents_per_kwh": 17.24 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1998, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.68, "real_cents_per_kwh": 16.7 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 1999, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.53, "real_cents_per_kwh": 16.06 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2000, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.44, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.37 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2001, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.7 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2002, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.42 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2003, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.35, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.24 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2004, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.46, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.05 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2005, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 8.86, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.23 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2006, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.4, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.63 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2007, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.66, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.61 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2008, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.96 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2009, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.73, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.69 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2010, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.97, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.78 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2011, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.08, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.45 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2012, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.29, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.43 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2013, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.71, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.77 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2014, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.9, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.77 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2015, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.13, "real_cents_per_kwh": 16.05 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2016, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.15, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.88 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2017, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.44, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.92 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2018, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.77, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.95 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2019, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.43, "real_cents_per_kwh": 15.25 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2020, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.27, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.87 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2021, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.54, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.52 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2022, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 13.02, "real_cents_per_kwh": 13.96 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2023, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 14.02, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.43 }, { "abbr": "AZ", "year": 2024, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 14.91, "real_cents_per_kwh": 14.91 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1990, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 9.98, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.95 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1991, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.79, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.85 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1992, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.07, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.75 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1993, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.3, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.53 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1994, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.43, "real_cents_per_kwh": 24.19 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1995, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.61, "real_cents_per_kwh": 23.9 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1996, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.33, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.65 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1997, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 11.5, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.48 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1998, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.6, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.4 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 1999, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.64, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.03 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 2000, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 10.89, "real_cents_per_kwh": 19.84 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 2001, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.09, "real_cents_per_kwh": 21.41 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 2002, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.64, "real_cents_per_kwh": 22.04 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 2003, "nominal_cents_per_kwh": 12.23, "real_cents_per_kwh": 20.85 }, { "abbr": "CA", "year": 2004, 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